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The World / Hindu Eschatology (Yugas and Pralaya)

Hindu Eschatology (Yugas and Pralaya)

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The End as a wheel: four yugas descending from gold to iron, the final age Kali Yuga ending with Kalki on a white horse, and the universe itself dissolving into the cosmic ocean at each kalpa's close.

Hindu eschatology is the archive's largest wheel: time with no finish line, only rotating epochs. The end of the age and the end of the universe are different gears in the same machine — the Kali Yuga ends with Kalki's judgment, the kalpa with Vishnu's sleep — and both guarantee a new beginning. See the myth entries for the yuga, the avatar, the dissolution, and the flood.

Key texts

  • Vishnu Purana 4.24 and 6.1–8 (the yugas, the end of Kali)
  • Bhagavata Purana 12.2–4 (the signs of the age; Kalki)
  • Manu Smriti 1.61–86 (the ages); Markandeya Purana (the flood of Manu)
  • Bhagavad Gita 8.17–18 (the day of Brahma)

Key figures

Brahma · Vishnu · Kalki · Manu · Shesha · Yama

The end, in order

  1. 01The four yugas decline: Krita (gold), Treta (silver), Dvapara (bronze), Kali (iron)
  2. 02In Kali Yuga, dharma decays: virtue, lifespan, and truth shrink in stages
  3. 03At the age's end, Kalki, the tenth avatar of Vishnu, rides from Shambhala on a white horse with a flaming sword
  4. 04Kalki judges the wicked; the virtuous return to their true selves
  5. 05The kalpa ends: the universe dissolves (pralaya) into the cosmic ocean; Vishnu sleeps on Shesha
  6. 06After Brahma's night, the next kalpa begins — the same cosmos, recreated

What survives

The seed of the next age — Manu and the seven sages aboard the ark; the universe itself, reabsorbed and reborn.

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